The objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between European Welfare State models and inequality. This work takes the work of SAPIR (2006) as its starting point. SAPIR considers the existence of four European welfare state models in the European Union: 1) the Nordic model (Denmark, Finland, Sweden and the Netherlands) featuring the highest levels of social protection, high tax burden, active labour policies and highly compressed wages; 2) the Continental model (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany and Luxembourg) with a high level of social contributory protection (pensions and non-employment benefits) and a rigid labour market; 3) the Mediterranean model (Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain) that concentrates its social spending on pensions and it also has a rigid labour market; and finally 4) the Anglo-Saxon model (United Kingdom and Ireland) with low levels of social protection (mainly healthcare), and extremely flexible labour market, weak labour unions and high wage dispersion. In this work, we have analysed two additional welfare state models: a) Central and Eastern European model and b) Baltic model.
Keywords:
Welfare State, inequality, personal income distribution, Gini index, redistribution coefficientAbstract
El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la relación entre los modelos de Estados de bienestar europeos y la desigualdad. El trabajo adopta, como punto de partida, el trabajo de SAPIR (2006). SAPIR considera que hay cuatro modelos de Estados de bienestar en la Unión Europea: 1) el modelo nórdico (Dinamarca, Finlandia, Suecia y Países Bajos) con un alto nivel de protección social, alta carga fiscal, políticas laborales activas y alta compresión salarial; 2) el modelo continental (Austria, Bélgica, Francia, Alemania y Luxemburgo) con un alto nivel de protección social contributiva (pensiones y prestación de desempleo) y un mercado de trabajo rígido; 3) el modelo mediterráneo (Grecia, Italia, Portugal y España) caracterizado por un gasto social bajo centrado en pensiones y, también, un mercado de trabajo rígido y 4) el modelo anglosajón (Reino Unido e Irlanda) con bajos niveles de protección social (principalmente asistencial), un mercado de trabajo muy flexible, sindicatos débiles y alta dispersión salarial.
En el presente trabajo hemos analizado dos modelos de Estados del bienestar adicionales: a) el modelo de la Europa Central y del Este y b) el modelo báltico.
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